Best Software Training Institute In Coimbatore -Idm Techpark Coimbatore

Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Top 100 Software Testing Interview Questions for Freshers

Software development is a critical skill in today’s digital landscape, enabling professionals to design, build, and optimize applications across various platforms. Mastering software development allows individuals to create high-performance solutions, integrate advanced technologies, and streamline user experiences with efficient coding practices.
Candidates should be well-prepared to tackle both the Software Development Online Assessment and the Technical Interview Round at IDM TechPark.
To help you succeed, we have compiled a comprehensive list of the Top 100 Software Development Interview Questions along with their answers. Mastering these concepts will give you a strong edge in securing a software development role and excelling in application development, system architecture, and software engineering.

1. What is Software Testing?

Answer:
Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to identify defects and ensure it meets the required standards and functionality.

2. Why is Software Testing important?

Answer:
It ensures the software is bug-free, reliable, secure, and meets user expectations, reducing failures and costs in the long run.

3. What are the two main types of Software Testing?

Answer:

Manual Testing – Performed by human testers without automation tools.
Automation Testing – Uses tools like Selenium to execute test cases automatically.

4. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

Answer:

Verification: Checking if the software meets requirements before execution (e.g., reviews, inspections).
Validation: Testing the actual product to ensure it works correctly after execution.

5. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

Answer:
STLC is a structured process for testing software, consisting of:

Requirement Analysis
Test Planning
Test Case Design
Test Environment Setup
Test Execution
Test Closure

6. What is the difference between Functional and Non-Functional Testing?

Answer:

Functional Testing: Tests software features (e.g., login, payment processing).
Non-Functional Testing: Tests performance, security, usability, and scalability.

7. What is a Test Case?

Answer:
A test case is a set of conditions, inputs, and expected outputs used to verify a specific function of the software.

8. What is a Test Plan?

Answer:
A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, objectives, approach, schedule, and resources for the testing process.

9. What is Black Box Testing?

Answer:
A testing method where the tester does not know the internal code structure and only tests the software’s functionality.

10. What is White Box Testing?

Answer:
A testing method where the tester has knowledge of the internal code and logic and verifies code correctness.

11. What is Unit Testing?

Answer:
Testing individual components or modules of a software application in isolation to ensure they function correctly.

12. What is Integration Testing?

Answer:
Testing multiple modules together to ensure they work as expected when combined.

13. What is System Testing?

Answer:
A complete end-to-end testing of the entire software application to check overall compliance with requirements.

14. What is Acceptance Testing?

Answer:
The final testing phase where the software is evaluated for approval by the client or end-user.

15. What is Regression Testing?

Answer:
Testing to ensure that new changes in the code do not break existing functionality.

16. What is Exploratory Testing?

Answer:
Testing without predefined test cases, relying on testers’ experience to find defects dynamically.

17. What is Smoke Testing?

Answer:
A quick test to check whether the critical functionalities of the application work before proceeding with detailed testing.

18. What is Sanity Testing?

Answer:
A focused testing approach to verify that minor changes or bug fixes do not affect major functionalities.

19. What is Performance Testing?

Answer:
Testing how the application performs under different load conditions, including speed, scalability, and stability.

20. What is Load Testing?

Answer:
A type of performance testing that checks how the system behaves under expected user load.

21. What is Stress Testing?

Answer:
Testing the software beyond its normal workload limits to identify breaking points.

22. What is UAT (User Acceptance Testing)?

Answer:
Testing performed by end-users to verify if the software meets business requirements and is ready for production.

23. What is an API Test?

Answer:
Testing Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to verify data exchange between different software systems.

24. What is Defect Life Cycle?

Answer:
The stages a defect goes through, including: New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retested → Closed.

25. What are the common Software Testing tools?

Answer:

Selenium (Automation Testing)
JMeter (Performance Testing)
Postman (API Testing)
Bugzilla, JIRA (Bug Tracking)

1. What is the difference between Alpha and Beta Testing?

Answer:

Alpha Testing: Conducted in a controlled environment by internal testers before the product is released.
Beta Testing: Conducted by real users in a live environment to gather feedback before final release.

2. What is Test-Driven Development (TDD)?

Answer:
TDD is a software development approach where test cases are written before the code is developed. The cycle follows:

Write a failing test.
Write the minimum code required to pass the test.
Refactor the code while ensuring tests still pass.

3. What is Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)?

Answer:
BDD is an extension of TDD that focuses on collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders by writing tests in natural language (e.g., Gherkin syntax in Cucumber).

4. What is the difference between Test Scenario and Test Case?

Answer:

Test Scenario: A high-level idea of what needs to be tested (e.g., "Verify the login functionality").
Test Case: A detailed step-by-step process to test a specific feature (e.g., steps to enter credentials, expected outputs).

5. What is Equivalence Partitioning?

Answer:
A test case design technique that divides input data into different classes (valid and invalid) to reduce redundant test cases while ensuring maximum coverage.

6. What is Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)?

Answer:
A testing technique that focuses on testing at the boundaries of input ranges, as errors often occur at these points.
Example: If an age input accepts values 18-60, test cases should check 17, 18, 60, and 61.

7. What is Monkey Testing?

Answer:
A type of random testing where testers interact with the software unpredictably to find unexpected bugs.

8. What is Adhoc Testing?

Answer:
Unstructured testing performed without test cases, focusing on randomly identifying defects.

9. What is Risk-Based Testing?

Answer:
Testing prioritization based on the likelihood and impact of defects, focusing more on high-risk areas.

10. What is the Test Harness in software testing?

Answer:
A collection of scripts, tools, and test data used to automate testing and simulate environments during execution.

11. What is the difference between Static Testing and Dynamic Testing?

Answer:

Static Testing: Testing without executing the code (e.g., code reviews, inspections).
Dynamic Testing: Testing by executing the software (e.g., functional, performance tests).

12. What is the difference between Positive and Negative Testing?

Answer:

Positive Testing: Tests expected inputs to verify correct functionality.
Negative Testing: Tests invalid inputs to ensure error handling is proper.

13. What is the difference between Retesting and Regression Testing?

Answer:

Retesting: Running the same test cases again after a bug fix to ensure the fix works.
Regression Testing: Running a set of tests to ensure that recent changes haven’t broken existing functionality.

14. What are Test Artifacts?

Answer:
Documents produced during the testing process, including:

Test Plan
Test Cases
Test Scripts
Test Reports

15. What is a Test Strategy?

Answer:
A high-level document outlining the overall testing approach, including tools, methodologies, and scope.

16. What is an Entry and Exit Criterion in Testing?

Answer:

Entry Criteria: Conditions that must be met before testing begins (e.g., test cases are ready).
Exit Criteria: Conditions that determine when testing can stop (e.g., 95% test coverage achieved).

17. What is Compatibility Testing?

Answer:
Testing whether the application works correctly across different browsers, devices, and operating systems.

18. What is the Difference Between GUI Testing and Usability Testing?

Answer:

GUI Testing: Verifies the graphical elements (buttons, icons, layout).
Usability Testing: Evaluates ease of use and user experience.

19. What is Volume Testing?

Answer:
A type of performance testing where a large amount of data is processed to check system behavior.

20. What is Spike Testing?

Answer:
A performance test that checks how the system behaves when the load suddenly increases or decreases.

21. What is a Test Report?

Answer:
A summary of testing activities, including defects, coverage, pass/fail status, and recommendations.

22. What is Fuzz Testing?

Answer:
A security testing technique where random or unexpected inputs are entered to find vulnerabilities.

23. What is End-to-End Testing?

Answer:
A type of testing that verifies the complete flow of an application, ensuring all components work together correctly.

24. What is A/B Testing?

Answer:
A testing method used in UI/UX where two different versions of a feature are tested with real users to determine which one performs better.

25. What is an Environment Variable in Testing?

Answer:
A dynamic value used in test environments to configure software without hardcoding values (e.g., API keys, URLs).

1. What is Risk-Based Testing (RBT)?

Answer:
Risk-Based Testing prioritizes test cases based on the risk of failure and the impact on the system. Critical functionalities with high risk are tested first.

2. What is Test Maturity Model Integration (TMMi)?

Answer:
TMMi is a framework for assessing and improving software testing processes. It consists of five maturity levels, ranging from initial to optimization.

3. What is Equivalence Partitioning?

Answer:
Equivalence Partitioning is a test design technique that divides input data into groups (partitions) where test cases from each group should yield the same results.

4. What is Decision Table Testing?

Answer:
A black-box test technique where different input conditions and their expected outcomes are represented in a table format to ensure complete test coverage.

5. What is Exploratory Testing?

Answer:
A dynamic testing approach where testers actively explore the application without predefined test cases, focusing on real-time test execution and learning.

6. What is the Difference Between Load, Stress, and Spike Testing?

Answer:

Load Testing: Tests system performance under expected workload.
Stress Testing: Pushes the system beyond its limits to check for stability.
Spike Testing: Introduces sudden, extreme increases in load to see how the system reacts.

7. What is Shift-Left Testing?

Answer:
A practice where testing is performed earlier in the development lifecycle to detect defects sooner, reducing cost and effort.

8. What is Endurance Testing?

Answer:
A type of performance testing that evaluates a system’s behavior under a sustained load for an extended period to check for memory leaks and performance degradation.

9. What is Defect Density?

Answer:
Defect Density is the number of defects found per size unit of code (e.g., per 1,000 lines of code). It helps in measuring code quality.

10. What is Static vs. Dynamic Testing?

Answer:

Static Testing: Evaluates code, requirements, or design without execution (e.g., code reviews).
Dynamic Testing: Tests the software during execution to find defects.

11. What is Error Guessing?

Answer:
A test design technique where testers predict defects based on their experience and test areas that are prone to errors.

12. What is Condition Coverage?

Answer:
A white-box testing technique ensuring that each Boolean condition (e.g., true/false values) in a decision statement is tested.

13. What is the Use of a Test Harness?

Answer:
A test harness is a collection of scripts, drivers, and stubs used to automate and control test execution.

14. What is the Difference Between Retesting and Regression Testing?

Answer:

Retesting: Verifies that a fixed defect is resolved.
Regression Testing: Ensures that new code changes have not impacted existing functionality.

15. What is Recovery Testing?

Answer:
A type of non-functional testing that evaluates how well a system can recover from failures, such as crashes, power loss, or hardware issues.

16. What is Baseline Testing?

Answer:
Baseline testing involves comparing the current system’s performance with a previous version or benchmark to measure improvements or regressions.

17. What is Configuration Testing?

Answer:
Testing performed to check how the application behaves in different environments, such as hardware configurations, browsers, and network conditions.

18. What is Cross-Browser Testing?

Answer:
Testing a web application on multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, etc.) to ensure compatibility.

19. What is Data Masking in Testing?

Answer:
A technique used to protect sensitive data (e.g., credit card numbers) by replacing it with realistic, non-sensitive data during testing.

20. What is Interface Testing?

Answer:
Interface testing verifies the interaction between two or more system components, ensuring they communicate and exchange data correctly.

21. What is Hybrid Testing?

Answer:
A combination of manual and automated testing to increase efficiency and test coverage.

22. What is Fault Injection Testing?

Answer:
A technique where intentional errors are introduced into a system to assess its fault tolerance and resilience.

23. What is API Load Testing?

Answer:
A process that tests an API’s performance under varying levels of load to ensure it can handle multiple concurrent requests.

24. What is the Purpose of Code Instrumentation in Testing?

Answer:
Code instrumentation involves modifying source code to collect execution data, such as test coverage and performance metrics.

25. What is the Difference Between Alpha and Beta Testing?

Answer:

Alpha Testing: Conducted in-house by developers and testers before releasing the software.
Beta Testing: Conducted by end users in a real environment before a final product launch.

1. What is End-to-End Testing?

Answer:
End-to-End Testing verifies the entire application flow from start to finish, ensuring all integrated components work correctly.

2. What is Exploratory Testing?

Answer:
Exploratory Testing is an ad-hoc testing approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases, relying on experience and intuition.

3. What is Monkey Testing?

Answer:
Monkey Testing involves randomly inputting values into an application to check if it crashes or behaves unexpectedly.

4. What is Fuzz Testing?

Answer:
Fuzz Testing feeds random, invalid, or unexpected data into a system to find security vulnerabilities and software weaknesses.

5. What is the Difference Between Retesting and Regression Testing?

Answer:

Retesting: Verifies a specific defect fix.
Regression Testing: Ensures new changes don’t break existing functionality.

6. What is Risk-Based Testing?

Answer:
Risk-Based Testing prioritizes testing high-risk areas of the application to identify critical defects early.

7. What is the Difference Between a Test Stub and a Test Driver?

Answer:

Test Stub: Simulates a missing component in top-down testing.
Test Driver: Simulates a higher module in bottom-up testing.

8. What is Pair Testing?

Answer:
Pair Testing is performed by two testers working together, combining different perspectives to find defects more efficiently.

9. What is Mutation Testing?

Answer:
Mutation Testing modifies the code slightly (mutants) to check if existing test cases can detect changes.

10. What is Compliance Testing?

Answer:
Compliance Testing ensures that a system meets regulatory and legal requirements.

11. What is Adhoc Testing?

Answer:
Adhoc Testing is unstructured testing performed without a plan or documentation, focusing on breaking the system.

12. What is Test Harness?

Answer:
A Test Harness is a framework or software that automates testing by managing inputs, outputs, and execution.

13. What is Test Oracles?

Answer:
Test Oracles help determine the expected outcome of a test case.

14. What is the Difference Between Positive and Negative Testing?

Answer:

Positive Testing: Tests valid inputs to check expected behavior.
Negative Testing: Tests invalid inputs to ensure error handling.

15. What is Defect Triage?

Answer:
Defect Triage is the process of prioritizing and categorizing defects based on severity and business impact.

16. What is the Difference Between Volume Testing and Load Testing?

Answer:

Volume Testing: Evaluates performance when handling large amounts of data.
Load Testing: Tests system performance under expected load conditions.

17. What is Code Coverage?

Answer:
Code Coverage measures the extent to which source code is tested, including statement, branch, and path coverage.

18. What is Defect Density?

Answer:
Defect Density calculates the number of defects per KLOC (thousand lines of code) to assess software quality.

19. What is Soak Testing?

Answer:
Soak Testing checks system performance under a sustained load over time to find memory leaks or slowdowns.

20. What is Compatibility Testing?

Answer:
Compatibility Testing ensures the application works across different devices, browsers, and operating systems.

21. What is a Fault Injection Test?

Answer:
Fault Injection Testing introduces errors to measure how well the system handles failures.

22. What is A/B Testing?

Answer:
A/B Testing compares two versions of an application or feature to see which performs better.

23. What is the Shift-Left Testing Approach?

Answer:
Shift-Left Testing emphasizes early testing in the development cycle to detect defects sooner.

24. What is ISO 9126 in Software Testing?

Answer:
ISO 9126 defines software quality attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability.

25. What is the V-Model in Software Testing?

Answer:
The V-Model is a software development methodology where testing is planned parallel to development, forming a V shape.

Best Software Testing Training Institute In Coimbatore - Idmtechpark Coimbatore

"Deep Concepts to Elevate Your Career"

This guide provides 100+ Software Testing Interview questions along with in-depth concepts to strengthen your expertise.

Download

Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Top 100 Software Testing Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What is Software Testing?

2. Why is Software Testing important?

3. What are the two main types of Software Testing?

4. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

5. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

6. What is the difference between Functional and Non-Functional Testing?

7. What is a Test Case?

8. What is a Test Plan?

9. What is Black Box Testing?

10. What is White Box Testing?

11. What is Unit Testing?

12. What is Integration Testing?

13. What is System Testing?

14. What is Acceptance Testing?

15. What is Regression Testing?

16. What is Exploratory Testing?

17. What is Smoke Testing?

18. What is Sanity Testing?

19. What is Performance Testing?

20. What is Load Testing?

21. What is Stress Testing?

22. What is UAT (User Acceptance Testing)?

23. What is an API Test?

24. What is Defect Life Cycle?

25. What are the common Software Testing tools?

"Deep Concepts to Elevate Your Career"

This guide provides 100+ Software Testing Interview questions along with in-depth concepts to strengthen your expertise.

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